UDC 543.422.8 UDC 661.18

SINTEZ I FIZIKO KHIMICHESKAYA KHARAKTERISTIKA DIEHTANOLAMIDOV ZHIRNYKH KISLOT NA OSNOVE RASTITEL'NYKH MASEL: KINETIKA PROTSESSA, ANALITICHESKII KONTROL' Sintez i fiziko khimicheskaya kharakteristika diehtanolamidov zhirnykh kislot na osnove rastitel'nykh masel: kinetika protsessa, analiticheskii kontrol'

Published in From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-By-Step · Volume 7, Issue 3, 2026 · Pages 61–69 · Rubric: Scientific articles
Received: 28.05.2026 Accepted: 14.09.2026 Published: 23.09.2026
V rabote predstavleny rezul'taty kompleksnogo issledovaniya sinteza dietanolamidov zhirnyh kislot (DEAZhK) iz treh tipov rastitel'nogo syr'ya: kokosovogo, pal'moyadrovogo i podsolnechnogo masel kvalifikacii RBD. Metodom gazovoy hromatografii na analiticheskom komplekse «Hromatek-Kristall 5000.2» opredelen zhirnokislotnyy sostav ishodnyh masel i poluchennyh produktov amidirovaniya. Ustanovleno, chto kokosovoe i pal'moyadrovoe masla harakterizuyutsya vysokim soderzhaniem laurinovoy (47.8 – 50.8%) i miristinovoy (15.8 – 18.0%) kislot, chto obuslavlivaet vysokie penoobrazuyuschie svoystva sootvetstvuyuschih DEAZhK. Podsolnechnoe maslo soderzhit preimuschestvenno oleinovuyu i linolevuyu kisloty (88.4%), obespechivaya zaguschayuschie i emul'giruyuschie harakteristiki. Sintez DEAZhK provodili pri temperature 100 – 125 °S v atmosfere azota s ispol'zovaniem katalizatora NaOH (0.1 – 0.5 mas. %). Kineticheskie issledovaniya pokazali, chto optimal'noe vremya reakcii sostavlyaet 3 – 4 chasa, posle chego koncentraciya svobodnogo dietanolamina (DEA) stabiliziruetsya. Opredelenie soderzhaniya svobodnogo DEA provodilos' dvumya metodami: potenciometricheskim titrovaniem i gazozhidkostnoy hromatografiey (GH). Dlya kontrolya soderzhaniya DEA luchshim sposobom yavlyaetsya metod GH. Poluchennye obrazcy DEAZhK sootvetstvuyut trebovaniyam potrebiteley: soderzhanie svobodnogo DEA 4.6 – 5.5%, kislotnoe chislo 1.50 – 2.82 mg KON/g, cvetnost' po shkale Gardnera 3 – 4. Rasschitany znacheniya kazhuscheysya energii aktivacii reakciy amidirovaniya dlya issleduemyh masel (64 – 71 kDzh/mol') i selektivnost' obrazovaniya celevyh dietanolamidov (93.8 – 96.1% pri 100 °S).
dietanolamidy, rastitel'nye masla, amidirovanie, gazovaya hromatografiya, potenciometricheskoe titrovanie, kinetika reakcii, poverhnostno-aktivnye veschestva, energiya aktivacii, selektivnost', sintez
Funding
Rabota vypolnena v ramkah gosudarstvennogo zadaniya na vypolnenie nauchno-issledovatel'skih rabot Ivanovskogo gosudarstvennogo himiko-tehnologicheskogo universiteta (Tema № FZZW-2024-0004).
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