Iraq's foreign trade and ways to overcome its imbalances: a structural analysis

Lyudmila Shkvarya; Adilya Byasharova

IRAQ'S FOREIGN TRADE AND WAYS TO OVERCOME ITS IMBALANCES: A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Iraq's foreign trade and ways to overcome its imbalances: a structural analysis

АА Аа

Published in Theoretical economics · Issue 12 · Pages 87–95 · Rubric: MODERN PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD ECONOMY

Received: 04.11.2023 Accepted: 11.11.2023 Published: 04.04.2024

Authors

Lyudmila Shkvarya

ORCID

Adilya Byasharova

ORCID

Lyudmila Shkvarya

Academic degree: doctor of economic sciences

Science rang: professor

Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Russian Federation · Moscow

ORCID

Adilya Byasharova

Academic degree: candidate of economic sciences

Science rang: docent

FGBOU VO «REU im. G.V. Plehanova» Russian Federation · Москва

ORCID

ABSTRACT

The article presents an analysis of Iraq's foreign trade in commodity and geographical aspects, including the digital component. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current features of the development of Iraq's foreign trade and ways to overcome the existing imbalances in it. The relevance of the work lies in the study and identification of the features of the current structure of Iraq's foreign trade, as well as the theoretical systematization and empirical generalization of the transformations existing in this area. The novelty of the article consists in the study of a relatively poorly studied country that is under difficult conditions of sanctions pressure, the preservation of financial and economic problems in general, the solution of which can contribute to the increase in the efficiency of foreign trade, including the development of digital trade. The article analyzes a new trend in Iraq's foreign trade – e-commerce, which is developing within the global digital mainstream. The method of comparisons and visualization, index analysis, institutional method was used. The conducted index analysis confirms the presence of commodity imbalances and the imbalance of trade flows in the conditions of the continuing model of foreign trade. It is proved that the continuing model of Iraq's foreign trade is exhaustible and inefficient, especially given the rising costs of producing exports (oil), and the need for its transformation has become vital. It is shown that the state seeks to increase the role of regional partners in the foreign trade sphere in the last decade. The growth of Iraq's electronic foreign trade in goods and services in value terms has been recorded. It is established that the progress achieved in the digital segment of foreign trade is ensured by a number of factors that will contribute to the further development of digital trade. Obstacles to the development of electronic commerce in Iraq – economic, financial, legal - have been identified. The growing role of regional foreign trade partners in the digital segment of Iraq's foreign trade has been established. The authors substantiate the need to expand the digital foreign trade of Iraq, including due to its geography, which, other things being equal, will contribute to the elimination of foreign trade imbalances.

KEYWORDS

: Iraq; international trade; structure; balance; imbalances; electronic commerce; cybersecurity.

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