P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University
Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
from 01.01.2025 until now
P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University (Student)
Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University (Associate Professor)
Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University
Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
The article investigates the impact of process temperature and electrophilic agent addition time on the regioselectivity of the SEAr reaction. The purpose is an efficient functionalisation of the bifarmacophore molecule 8-chloro-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole in electrophilic nitration and halogenation reactions. Two isomeric 7- and 9-substituted products were formed during these reactions. A larger amount of 7-R-8-chloro-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole was formed. Reducing the reaction temperature and the concentration of the electrophilic agent in the reaction mixture increased the selectivity of the process for forming the isomer.
bifarmacophore molecules, condensed benzimidazole derivatives, morpholine ring, regioselectivity, nitration, halogenation
1. Tevyashova A.N., Olsufyeva E.N., Preobrazhenskaya M.N. Design of dual action antibiotics as an approach to search for new promising drugs. Russ. Chem. Rev., 2015, 84(1), 61-97. DOI: doi.org/10.1070/RCR4448. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/UEPJJH
2. Tangadanchu V.K.R., Sui Y.F., Zhou C.H. Isatin-derived azoles as new potential antimicrobial agents: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2021, 41, 128030. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128030.
3. Malasala S., Ahmad M.N., Akunuri R., Shukla M., Kaul G., Dasgupta A., Madhavi Y.V., Chopra S., Nanduri S. Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazoline-benzimidazole hybrids as potent anti-microbial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2021, 212, 112996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112996. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NLPVNI
4. Karaca Gençer H., Acar Çevik U., Levent S., Sağlık B., Korkut B.N., Özkay Y., Ilgın S., Öztürk Y. New benzimidazole-1,2,4-triazole hybrid compounds: synthesis, anticandidal activity and cytotoxicity evaluation. Molecules, 2017, 22(4), 507. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040507. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YYIBJN
5. Aitha S., Thumma V., Ambala S., Matta R., Panga S., Pochampally J. Bis 1, 2, 3‐ triazoles linked deoxybenzoin hybrids as antimicrobial agents: synthesis, in vitro and in silico screening. ChemistrySelect., 2023, 8(13), e202300405. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202300405.
6. Aleksandrova Y.R., Nikolaeva N.S., Shagina I.A., Smirnova K.D., Zubishina A.A., Khlopotinin A.I., Fakhrutdinov A.N., Khokhlov A.L., Begunov R.S., Neganova M.E. N-Aryl Benzimidazole and Benzotriazole Derivatives and Their Hybrids as Cytotoxic Agents: Design, Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies. Molecules, 2024, 29(22), 5360. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225360 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/GDRPJA
7. Begunov R.S., Egorov D.O., Chetvertakova A.V., Savina L.I., Zubishina A.A. Antibacterial Activity of the Halogen- and Nitro Derivatives of Benzimidazole Against Bacillus Subtilis. Antibiot. Khimioter., 2023, 68(3 4), 19-24. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-3-4-19-24
8. Sachs G., Shin J. M., Howden C.W. Review Article: The Clinical Pharmacology of Proton Pump Inhibitors. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 2006, 23, 2−8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02943.x
9. Gaba M., Singh S., Mohan C. Benzimidazole: An Emerging Scaffold for Analgesic and Anti Inflammatory Agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2014, 76, 494−505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.030 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/WQYZRP
10. Michel M.C., Foster C., Brunner H.R., Liu L. A Systematic Comparison of the Properties of Clinically Used Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonists. Pharmacol. Rev., 2013, 65(2), 809−848. https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.112.007278 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YEUTGB
11. Khamitova A.E., Berillo D.A. Overview of Piperidine and Morpholine Derivatives as Promising Sources of Biologically Active Compounds (Review). Drug development & registration, 2023, 12(2), 44-54. (In Russian) https://doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2023-12-2-44-54
12. Kourounakis A.P., Xanthopoulos D., Tzara A. Morpholine as a privileged structure: a review on the medicinal chemistry and pharmacological activity of morpholine containing bioactive molecules. Med. Res. Rev., 2020, 40(2), 709–752. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1002/med.21634 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DEMMSN
13. Arshad F., Khan M.F., Akhtar W., Alam M.M., Nainwal L.M., Kaushik S. K., Akhter M., Parvez S., Hasan S.M., Shaquiquzzaman M. Revealing quinquennial anticancer journey of morpholine: A SAR based review. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2019, 167, 324–356. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.015 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ZVMYYV
14. Han C., Wirianto M., Kim E., Burish M.J., Yoo S. H., Chen Z. Clock-modulating activities of the anti-arrhythmic drug moricizine. Clocks & sleep, 2021, 3(3), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep3030022
15. Aziz M.N., Panda S.S., Shalaby E.M., Fawzy N.G., Girgis A.S. Facile synthetic approach towards vasorelaxant active 4-hydroxyquinazoline-4-carboxamides. RSC Advances, 2019, 9(49), 28534–28540. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA04321G.
16. Pourshojaei Y., Abiri A., Eskandari K., Haghighijoo Z., Edraki N., Asadipour A. Phenoxyethyl piperidine/morpholine Derivatives as pAS and cAS inhibitors of cholinesterases: insights for future Drug Design. Scientific reports, 2019, 9(1), 1–19. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56463-2.
17. Begunov R.S., Savina L.I., Astafieva D.A. Intramolecular amination of ortho-nitro-tert-anilines as a method for the synthesis of condensed benzimidazole derivatives with a nodal nitrogen atom. From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-by-Step, 2025, 6(1), 88-98. URL: https://chemintech.ru/ru/nauka/issue/5879/view (accessed 16.10.2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.52957/2782-1900-2025-6-1-88-98
18. Li Xin, Zeng Changgen, Dong Huaide, He Feng. Patent CN 116891484, 2023
19. Dubois L., Evanno Y., Even L., Gille C., Malanda A., Machnik D., Rakotoarisoa N. Patent US 8288376, 2012.
20. Huo X., Hou D., Wang H., He B., Fang J., Meng Y., Liu L., Wei Z., Wang Z., Liu F.W. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity of novel oxizine fused benzimidazole derivatives. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2021, 224, 113684. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113684. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/OZOQKN
21. Romero F.A., Kirschberg T.A., Halcomb R., XU Yingzi Patent US 10889571, 2021
22. Begunov R.S., Sokolov A.A., Belova V.O., Fakhrutdinov A.N., Shashkov A.S., Fedyanin I.V. Reaction of substituted pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles with electrophilic agents. Tetrahedron Lett., 2015, 56(42), 5701-5704. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.08.014 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/UZZOTL



