<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Smart composite in construction</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Smart composite in construction</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Умные композиты в строительстве</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2782-1919</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">81946</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52957/2782-1919-2024-4-2-43-54</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Строительные материалы и изделия</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Construction materials and products</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Строительные материалы и изделия</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Fracture toughness of fine-grained concretes modified with mineral additives based on thermally activated clay and carbonate rocks</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Вязкость разрушения мелкозернистых бетонов, модифицированных минеральными добавками на основе термоактивированных глинистых и карбонатных пород</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Низина</surname>
       <given-names>Татьяна Анатольевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Nizina</surname>
       <given-names>Tatyana Anatolevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>nizinata@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Володин</surname>
       <given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Volodin</surname>
       <given-names>Vladimir Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>volodinvv1994@gmail.com</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Макридин</surname>
       <given-names>Николай Иванович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Makridin</surname>
       <given-names>Nikolay Ivanovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Тараканов</surname>
       <given-names>Олег Вячеславович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Tarakanov</surname>
       <given-names>Oleg Vyacheslavovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет имени Н.П.Огарева</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Ogarev Mordovia State University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Пензенский государственный университет архитектуры и строительства</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Penza State University of Architecture and Construction</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-23T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>23</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-23T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>23</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>4</volume>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>43</fpage>
   <lpage>54</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-27T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>27</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-06-19T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>19</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://chemintech.ru/en/nauka/article/81946/view">https://chemintech.ru/en/nauka/article/81946/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Доступным способом повышения технологических и физико-механических свойств цементных бетонов является применение модифицирующих добавок. Однако высокая стоимость и территориальная ограниченность производства наиболее эффективных модификаторов (микрокремнезем, метакаолин) не позволяет в полном объеме удовлетворять возрастающий спрос на них. Разработка минеральных добавок на основе сырья из близкорасположенных доступных источников помогает решить проблему дефицита модифицирующих добавок и снизить объемы потребления портландцемента. Представлены результаты определения вязкости разрушения (трещиностойкости) мелкозернистых бетонов из самоуплотняющихся смесей, модифицированных термоактивированной глиной (Никитское месторождение, г. Саранск, Республика Мордовия) и термоактивированной смесью глины и известняка (с. Атемар, Республика Мордовия). Трещиностойкость мелкозернистых бетонов оценивали при равновесных испытаниях на изгиб образцов I типа. Установлено повышение на 9-38% энергетических характеристик вязкости разрушения модифицированных мелкозернистых бетонов при увеличении расхода вяжущего за счет введения в состав исследуемых минеральных добавок</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The use of modifying additives in cement concrete compositions is the most affordable way to improve their technological, physical, and mechanical properties. However, the high cost and territorial limitation of the most effective modifiers (microsilica, metakaolin) production do not meet the growing customer’s demand. The development of mineral additives based on local raw materials will bridge deficit the most common additives, as well as reduce the consumption of Portland cement. The paper presents the results of determining the fracture toughness (crack growth resistance) of fine-grained concretes obtained from self-compacting concrete mixtures modified with thermally activated clay (Nikitskoye deposit, Saransk, Republic of Mordovia) and thermally activated mixture of clay and limestone (Atemar village, Republic of Mordovia). The paper contains the assessment of crack resistance of fine-grained concretes conducted in accordance with GOST 29167-2021 during equilibrium bending tests of type I samples. The paper found a 9 38% increase in fracture toughness of modified fine-grained concretes with increasing binder consumption due to the introduction of mineral additives in the composition under study</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>мелкозернистый бетон</kwd>
    <kwd>самоуплотняющиеся смеси</kwd>
    <kwd>трещиностойкость</kwd>
    <kwd>минеральные добавки</kwd>
    <kwd>термоактивированная глина</kwd>
    <kwd>известняк</kwd>
    <kwd>поликарбоксилатный пластификатор</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>crack resistance</kwd>
    <kwd>fine-grained concrete</kwd>
    <kwd>self-compacting mixtures</kwd>
    <kwd>mineral additives</kwd>
    <kwd>thermoactivated clay</kwd>
    <kwd>limestone</kwd>
    <kwd>polycarboxylate plasticizer</kwd>
    <kwd>fine sands</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баженов Ю.М., Чернышов Е.М., Коротких Д.Н. Конструирование структур современных бетонов: определяющие принципы и технологические платформы // Строительные материалы. 2014. № 3. С. 6 14.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazhenov, Y.M., Chernyshov, E.M. &amp; Korotkikh, D.N. (2014) Structural design of modern concrete: defining principles and technological platforms, Stroitel'nye materialy, (3), pp. 6-14 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каприелов С.С., Батраков В.Г., Шейнфельд А.В. Модифицированные бетоны нового поколения: реальность и перспектива // Бетон и железобетон. 1999. № 6. С. 6-10.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaprielov, S.S., Batrakov, V.G. &amp; Sheinfeld, A.V. (1999) Modified concrete of a new generation: reality and perspective // Beton i zhelezobeton, (6), pp. 6-10 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Давидюк А.Н. Бетон в строительстве – Новые вызовы и перспективы // Вестник НИЦ. Строительство. 2017. № 12. С. 5-13.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davidyuk, A.N. (2017) Concrete in construction - new challenges and prospects, Vestnik NIC. Stroitel'stvo, (12), pp. 5-13 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalashnikov V.I., Tarakanov O.V., Kusnetsov Y.S, Volodin V.M., Belyakova E.A. Next generation concrete on the basis of fine-grained dry powder mixes // Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2012. № 8(34). Р. 47-53.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalashnikov, V.I., Tarakanov, O.V., Kusnetsov, Y.S, Volodin, V.M. &amp; Belyakova, E.A. (2012) Next generation concrete on the basis of fine-grained dry powder mixes, Magazine of Civil Engineering, 8(34), pp. 47-53.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarakanov O.V., Belyakova E.A., Yurova V.S. On the issue of expanding the base of mineral and complex additives for cement concrete // E3S Web of Conferences: Innovative Technologies in Environmental Science and Education, ITESE 2019. 2019. Vol. 135. Р. 01018.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarakanov, O.V., Belyakova, E.A. &amp; Yurova, V.S. (2019) On the issue of expanding the base of mineral and complex additives for cement concrete, E3S Web of Conferences: Innovative Technologies in Environmental Science and Education, ITESE 2019, (135), pp. 01018.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarakanov O.V., Belyakova E.A., Yurova V.S. Complex organomineral additives with hardening accelerator // Solid State Phenomena. 2018. Vol. 284. Р. 929-935.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarakanov, O.V., Belyakova, E.A. &amp; Yurova, V.S. (2018) Complex organomineral additives with hardening accelerator, Solid State Phenomena, (284), pp. 929-935.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nizina T.A., Balykov A.S., Korovkin D.I., Volodin V.V. Physical and mechanical properties of modified fine-grained fibre-reinforced concretes containing carbon nanostructures // International Journal of Nanotechnology. 2019. Vol. 16, № 6-10. Р. 496-509.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nizina, T.A., Balykov, A.S., Korovkin, D.I. &amp; Volodin, V.V. (2019) Physical and mechanical properties of modified fine-grained fibre-reinforced concretes containing carbon nanostructures, International Journal of Nanotechnology, 16(6-10), pp. 496-509.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nizina T.A., Balykov A.S., Volodin V.V., Korovkin D.I. Fiber fine-grained concretes with polyfunctional modifying additives // Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2017. № 4(72). Р. 73-83.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nizina, T.A., Balykov, A.S., Volodin, V.V. &amp; Korovkin D.I. (2017) Fiber fine-grained concretes with polyfunctional modifying additives, Magazine of Civil Engineering, 4(72), pp. 73-83.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schulze S.E., Pierkes R., Rickert J. Optimization of cements with calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials // Proceedings of a XIV International Congress on the Chemistry of cement. Beijing, China, 2015. 693 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schulze, S.E., Pierkes, R. &amp; Rickert, J. (2015) Optimization of cements with calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials, Proc. XIV International Congress on the Chemistry of cement. Beijing, China.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castello L.R., Hernandes H.J.F., Scrivener K.L., Antonic M. Evolution of calcined clays soils as supplementary cementitious materials // Proceedings of a XII International Congress of the chemistry of cement. Instituto de Ciencias de la Construction «Eduardo torroja». Madrid. 2011. Р. 117.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castello, L.R., Hernandes, H.J.F., Scrivener, K.L. &amp; Antonic, M. (2011) Evolution of calcined clays soils as supplementary cementitious materials, Proceedings of a XII International Congress of the chemistry of cement. Instituto de Ciencias de la Construction «Eduardo torroja». Madrid, pp. 117.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandez R., Martizena F., Scrivener K.L. The origin of the pozzolanic activity of calcined clay minerals: A comparison between kaolinite, illite and montmorrilonite // Cement and Concrete Research. 2011. № 41. Р. 113 122.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernandez, R., Martizena, F. &amp; Scrivener, K.L. (2011) The origin of the pozzolanic activity of calcined clay minerals: A comparison between kaolinite, illite and montmorrilonite, Cement and Concrete Research, (41), pp. 113-122 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rakhimov R.Z., Kamalova Z.A., Yermilova E.Y. Blended Portland Cement Based on Thermally Activated Clays and Carbonate Additives // Inorganic Materials: Applied Research. 2018. Vol. 9, № 4. Р. 578-583.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakhimov, R.Z., Kamalova, Z.A. &amp; Yermilova, E.Y. (2018) Blended Portland Cement Based on Thermally Activated Clays and Carbonate Additives, Inorganic Materials: Applied Research, 9(4), pp. 578-583.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рахимов Р.З., Рахимова Н.Р., Гайфуллин А.Р. Влияние добавок в портландцемент прокаленной и молотой глины с содержанием 40% каолинита на прочность цементного камня // Academia. Архитектура и строительство. 2015. № 2. С. 131-133.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakhimov, R.Z., Rakhimova, N.R. &amp; Gaifullin, A.R. (2015) Influence of additives in Portland cement of calcined and ground clay containing 40% kaolinite on the strength of cement stone, Academia. Arhitektura i stroitel'stvo, (2), pp. 131-133 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайфулин А.Р., Рахимов Р.З., Рахимова Н.Р. Влияние добавок глинитов в портландцемент на прочность при сжатии цементного камня // Инженерно-строительный журнал. 2015. № 7(59). С. 66-73.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaifulin, A.R., Rakhimov, R.Z. &amp; Rakhimova, N.R. (2015) Influence of clay additives in Portland cement on the compressive strength of cement stone, Inzhenerno-stroitel'nyj zhurnal, 7(59), pp. 66-73 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balykov A.S., Nizina T.A., Volodin V.V., Kyashkin V.M. Effects of calcination temperature and time on the physical-chemical efficiency of thermally activated clays in cement systems // Materials Science Forum. 2021. Vol. 1017. Р. 61-70.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balykov, A.S., Nizina, T.A., Volodin, V.V. &amp; Kyashkin, V.M. (2021) Effects of calcination temperature and time on the physical-chemical efficiency of thermally activated clays in cement systems, Materials Science Forum, (1017), pp. 61-70.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nizina T.А., Balykov A.S., Volodin V.V., Kyashkin V.M. Structure and properties of cement systems with additives of calcined clay and carbonate rocks // Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2022. 8(116). P. 11602.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nizina, T.A., Balykov, A.S., Volodin, V.V. &amp; Kyashkin, V.M. (2022) Structure and properties of cement systems with additives of calcined clay and carbonate rocks, Magazine of Civil Engineering, 8(116), pp. 11602.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Низина Т.А., Володин В.В., Балыков А.С., Коровкин Д.И. Оценка кинетики твердения цементного камня, модифицированного добавками термоактивированной глины и карбонатных пород // Региональная архитектура и строительство. 2021. № 1(46). С. 86-94.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nizina, T.A., Volodin, V.V., Balykov, A.S. &amp; Korovkin, D.I. (2021) Evaluation of the kinetics of hardening of cement stone modified with additives of thermally activated clay and carbonate rocks, Regional'naya arhitektura i stroitel'stvo, 1(46), pp. 86-94 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Володин В.В., Низина Т.А. Самоуплотняющиеся мелкозернистые бетоны с минеральными добавками на основе глинистых и карбонатных пород // Эксперт: теория и практика. 2023. № 1(20). С. 63-68.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volodin, V.V. &amp; Nizina, T.A. (2023) Self-compacting fine-grained concretes with mineral additives based on clay and carbonate rocks, Ekspert: teoriya i praktika, 1(20), pp. 63-68 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Травуш В.И., Карпенко Н.И., Ерофеев В.Т., Ерофеева И.В., Тараканов О.В., Кондращенко В.И., Кесарийский А.Г. Исследование трещиностойкости бетонов нового поколения // Строительные материалы. 2019. № 10. С. 3–11.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Travush, V.I., Karpenko, N.I., Erofeev, V.T., Erofeeva, I.V., Tarakanov, O.V., Kondrashchenko, V.I. &amp; Kesariyskiy, A.G. (2019) Investigation of the crack resistance of new generation concrete, Stroitel'nye materialy, (10), pp. 3-11 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коротких Д.Н. Трещиностойкость современных цементных бетонов (проблемы материаловедения и технологии): монография. Воронеж: Воронежский ГАСУ, 2014. 141 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korotkikh, D.N. (2014) Crack resistance of modern cement concretes (problems of materials science and technology). Voronezh: Voronezh GASU (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макридин Н.И., Максимова И.Н. Структура и механические свойства цементных дисперсных систем: монография. Пенза: ПГУАС, 2013. 340 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makridin, N.I. &amp; Maksimova, I.N. (2013) Structure and mechanical properties of cement dispersed systems. Penza: PGUAS (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Максимова И.Н., Макридин Н.И., Ерофеев В.Т., Скачков Ю.П. Прочность и параметры разрушения цементных композитов. Саранск: Изд-во Мордов. ун-та, 2015. 360 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maksimova, I.N., Makridin, N.I., Erofeev, V.T. &amp; Skachkov, Yu.P. (2015) Strength and fracture parameters of cement composites. Saransk: Izd-vo. Mordov. un-ta (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макридин Н.И., Королев Е.В., Максимова И.Н. Структурообразование и конструкционная прочность цементных композитов. М.: Изд-во МИСИ–МГСУ, 2017. 153 с. URL: https://prior.studentlibrary.ru/book/ISBN9785726416847.html (дата обращения: 05.05.2023)</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makridin, N.I., Korolev, E.V. &amp; Maksimova, I.N. (2017) Structure formation and structural strength of cement composites. M.: Izd-vo MISI–MGSU. URL: https://prior.studentlibrary.ru/book/ISBN9785726416847.html (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коротких Д.Н. Закономерности разрушения структуры высокопрочных цементных бетонов на основе анализа полных равновесных диаграмм их деформирования. Ч. 1 // Вестник Волгоградского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета. Серия: Строительство и архитектура. 2012. 26(45). С. 56-67.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korotkikh, D.N. (2012) Patterns of destruction of the structure of high-strength cement concretes based on the analysis of complete equilibrium diagrams of their deformation, Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo arhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. Seriya: Stroitel'stvo i arhitektura, 26(45), pp. 56-67 (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леонович С.Н., Литвиновский Д.А., Чернякевич О.Ю. Прочность, трещиностойкость и долговечность конструкционного бетона при температурных и коррозионных воздействиях. Минск: БНТУ, 2016. 393 с.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leonovich, S.N., Litvinovsky, D.A. &amp; Chernyakevich, O.Y. (2016) Strength, crack resistance and durability of structural concrete under temperature and corrosion effects. Minsk: BNTU (in Russian).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Griffith A.A. The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids // Phil. Trans. Roy. Sac. of London. A221. 1921. Р. 163-197.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Griffith, A.A. (1921) The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids, Phil. Trans. Roy. Sac. of London, A221, pp. 163-197.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irwin G.R. Fracture: Handbuch der Physik // Berlin: Springer verlag. 1958. 551 p.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irwin, G.R. (1958) Fracture: Handbuch der Physik, Berlin: Springer verlag, pp. 551.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orawan E. Energy sriteria of fracture // Wel. Res. Suppl. 1955. Р. 157-172.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orawan, E. (1955) Energy sriteria of fracture, Wel. Res. Suppl, pp. 157-172.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
