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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-By-Step</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-By-Step</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>От химии к технологии шаг за шагом</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2782-1900</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">119503</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52957/2782-1900-2026-7-1-136-146</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Научные статьи</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Scientific articles</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Научные статьи</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of solid carbon residue from tyre pyrolysis on the properties of elastomeric compositions based on butadiene-nitrile rubbers</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>The effect of solid carbon residue from tyre pyrolysis on the properties of elastomeric compositions based on butadiene-nitrile rubbers</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-2780</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Маркин</surname>
       <given-names>Максим Игоревич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Markin</surname>
       <given-names>Maksim Igorevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>markinmi@ystu.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-248X</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Соловьев</surname>
       <given-names>Михаил Евгеньевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Soloviev</surname>
       <given-names>Mikhail Evgen'evich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор физико-математических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of physical and mathematical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Соловьев</surname>
       <given-names>Владимир Валентинович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Solovyov</surname>
       <given-names>Vladimir Valentinovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный технический университет</institution>
     <city>Yaroslavl</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Technical University</institution>
     <city>Yaroslavl</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный технический университет</institution>
     <city>Ярославль</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Ярославский государственный технический университет</institution>
     <city>Ярославль</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный технический университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Technical University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-02T18:39:38+03:00">
    <day>02</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-02T18:39:38+03:00">
    <day>02</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>7</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>136</fpage>
   <lpage>146</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-25T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>25</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-18T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>18</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://chemintech.ru/en/nauka/article/119503/view">https://chemintech.ru/en/nauka/article/119503/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>The paper presents a comprehensive study of feasibility and effectiveness of using solid carbon residue (pyrolysate), obtained through the low-temperature pyrolysis of worn car tyres, as a functional filler in rubber compound formulations based on butadiene nitrile rubbers (BNK) of the BNKS-18AMN and BNKS-28AMN grades. The issues of polymer waste disposal and search for cost-effective alternatives to traditional grades of carbon black produced from fossil raw materials provide the relevance of the research. It examines the physicochemical properties of pyrolytic carbon, including its particle size distribution and surface activity. Using vibroreometry (MDR-2000), equilibrium swelling, and physical-mechanical testing, a comparative analysis was conducted of the vulcanization kinetics and properties of vulcanisates containing pyrolysate, compared with reference compounds filled with P 803 carbon black, kaolin, and chalk. Pyrolysate specific surface chemistry and high ash content (including zinc oxide and sulphides) affect significantly on the induction period and the rate of vulcanisation, acting as a filler and as a secondary activator of the cross-linking process. Therefore, the optimisation of dispersion and vulcanising group provide an effective replacement of low activity fillers and partially replace semi-active carbon black without any significant deterioration in the performance characteristics of the rubbers. The research offers prospects for the development of resource-saving technologies in the manufacture of rubber products.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The paper presents a comprehensive study of feasibility and effectiveness of using solid carbon residue (pyrolysate), obtained through the low-temperature pyrolysis of worn car tyres, as a functional filler in rubber compound formulations based on butadiene nitrile rubbers (BNK) of the BNKS-18AMN and BNKS-28AMN grades. The issues of polymer waste disposal and search for cost-effective alternatives to traditional grades of carbon black produced from fossil raw materials provide the relevance of the research. It examines the physicochemical properties of pyrolytic carbon, including its particle size distribution and surface activity. Using vibroreometry (MDR-2000), equilibrium swelling, and physical-mechanical testing, a comparative analysis was conducted of the vulcanization kinetics and properties of vulcanisates containing pyrolysate, compared with reference compounds filled with P 803 carbon black, kaolin, and chalk. Pyrolysate specific surface chemistry and high ash content (including zinc oxide and sulphides) affect significantly on the induction period and the rate of vulcanisation, acting as a filler and as a secondary activator of the cross-linking process. Therefore, the optimisation of dispersion and vulcanising group provide an effective replacement of low activity fillers and partially replace semi-active carbon black without any significant deterioration in the performance characteristics of the rubbers. The research offers prospects for the development of resource-saving technologies in the manufacture of rubber products.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>pigment</kwd>
    <kwd>iron oxide</kwd>
    <kwd>waste</kwd>
    <kwd>pigment properties</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
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