Theoretical economics Theoretical economics Теоретическая экономика 2221-3260 116676 10.52957/2221-3260-2026-1-169-185 ТВОРЧЕСТВО МОЛОДЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЕЙ YOUNG RESEARCHERS ТВОРЧЕСТВО МОЛОДЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЕЙ Features of the contribution of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank to the sustainable development Особенности вклада Азиатского банка инфраструктурных инвестиций и Нового банка развития в устойчивое развитие https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-0667 Кузнецов Алексей Владимирович Kuznecov Aleksey Vladimirovich kuznetsov0572@mail.ru

доктор экономических наук;

doctor of economic sciences;

 Аразгелдиев Гуйчгелди Аразгелди оглы Arazgeldiev Guychgeldi Arazgeldi ogly 208877@edu.fa.ru Син Владислав Дмитриевич Sin Vladislav Dmitrievich 223087@edu.fa.ru Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации Moscow Россия Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation" Vladikavkaz Branch Moscow Russian Federation Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation 31 01 2026 31 01 2026 1 169 185 30 12 2025 26 01 2026 https://chemintech.ru/en/nauka/article/116676/view

В статье проводится выборочная оценка влияния Азиатского банка инфраструктурных инвестиций (АБИИ) и Нового банка развития (НБР) на экономическое и социальное развитие развивающихся стран. На основе эмпирических данных и анализа проектов банков проверяется гипотеза о том, что несмотря на декларируемые цели по содействию Целям устойчивого развития ООН, их деятельность в основном воспроизводит структурные зависимости экономик стран-реципиентов. С использованием критерия “реальное развитие” (рост автономии, снижение зависимости, создание высокотехнологичных производств) показан минимальный вклад анализируемых проектов в структурные изменения. Реализация инфраструктурных проектов увеличивает размер задолженности без оздоровительной для экономики диверсификации структуры экспорта или локализации технологий. Проведенный анализ позволил выделить ряд взаимосвязанных причин, объясняющих геополитическую подоплеку интересов новых банков развития и провести сопоставление их деятельности с политикой традиционных многосторонних финансовых институтов. Теоретическая значимость исследования состоит в разработке и апробации системы критериев “реального развития”, которая выходит за рамки традиционных количественных метрик, таких как объемы финансирования или номинальный рост ВВП. Разработанная методика, интегрирующая экономические, социальные, технологические и финансовые индикаторы, позволяет проводить более нюансированную оценку эффективности кредитования по линии многосторонних финансовых институтов. Предложены рекомендации повышения эффективности АБИИ и НБР в финансировании проектов в развивающихся странах и направления дальнейших исследований рассматриваемой проблематики. Сделан вывод, что реальные сдвиги в расстановке сил в глобальной экономике зависят от способности новых банков развития сбалансировать свои геополитические амбиции с удовлетворением реальных потребностей развивающихся стран.

This article conducts a selective assessment of the impact of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the New Development Bank (NDB) on the economic and social development of developing countries. Based on empirical data and an analysis of the banks’ projects, the authors test the hypothesis that, despite their stated goals of advancing the UN Sustainable Development Goals, banks’ activities primarily reproduce structural dependencies of the economies of recipient countries. Using the “real development” criterion (increased autonomy, reduced dependence, and the creation of high-tech industries), the article demonstrates the minimal contribution of the analyzed projects to structural change. The implementation of infrastructure projects increases the size of debt without the beneficial diversification of export structures or the localization of technology. The analysis identified a number of interrelated factors explaining the geopolitical underpinnings of the new development banks’ interests and compared their activities with the policies of traditional multilateral financial institutions. The theoretical significance of this study lies in the development and testing of a system of “real development” criteria that goes beyond traditional quantitative metrics such as financing volumes or nominal GDP growth. The developed methodology, which integrates economic, social, technological, and financial indicators, enables a more nuanced assessment of the effectiveness of lending by multilateral financial institutions. Recommendations are offered for improving the effectiveness of the AIIB and the NDB in financing projects in developing countries, as well as areas for further research on this issue. It is concluded that real shifts in the balance of power in the global economy depend on the ability of new development banks to balance their geopolitical ambitions with the real needs of developing countries.

 АБИИ НБР устойчивое развитие развивающиеся страны структурная зависимость геополитическая экономика AIIB NDB sustainable development developing countries structural dependence geopolitical economics

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