Theoretical economics Theoretical economics Теоретическая экономика 2221-3260 104663 10.52957/2221-3260-2025-7-90-108 СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ MODERN PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD ECONOMY СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МИРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ The evolution of network production models of the European automotive industry in the late XX – early XXI centuries Эволюция моделей сетевого производства европейского автомобилестроения в конце XX – начале XXI вв https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4904-1562 Васильченко Александр Дмитриевич Vasilchenko Aleksandr Dmitrievich vasilchenko@instituteofeurope.ru ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ НАУКИ ИНСТИТУТ ЕВРОПЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК Moscow RU The Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow RU 01 08 2025 01 08 2025 7 90 108 10 07 2025 24 07 2025 https://chemintech.ru/en/nauka/article/104663/view

В работе представлены результаты исследования моделей европейских производственных сетей в секторе автомобилестроения в период конца XX – начала XXI вв. Под моделью в работе понимается устойчивая конфигурация взаимоотношений фирм-лидеров и поставщиков производственных сетей, характеризуемая специфической технологией производства автомобилей, уникальной организационно-сетевой структурой, а также устоявшейся пространственной конфигурацией производственных мощностей, центров управления и компетенций. Методология исследования базировалась на качественно-количественном анализе расположения предприятий, потоков готовой и промежуточной продукции, прямых иностранных инвестиций, а также инновационной активности фирм. В результате исследования были выявлены три уникальные модели сетевой архитектуры: традиционная («ядро-периферия»), консолидирующая («кластерно-сетевая») и трансформационная («эко-сетевая»). Первая модель относится к концу XX в.; для нее характерны зависимый характер взаимосвязей между предприятиями технологически продвинутой Западной и сравнительно отстававшей Восточной Европой. Вторая модель имела место в начале XXI в. и отличалась процессами объединения простых узлов и готовые модули и крупные платформы, ко-локации поставщиков и сборочных заводов, а также формированием мегапоставщиков как особого класса сетевых агентов. Наконец, третья модель развертывается на современном этапе и характеризуется реконфигурацией технологии производства готовых автомобилей, расположением поставщиков и организационной структуры сети в условиях перехода к выпуску электромобилей и активного внедрения цифровых технологий. В частности, наблюдается сокращение числа компонентов в конечном изделии, соответствующее уменьшение протяженности производственной цепочки и формирование отдельных «пульсирующих» точек роста на карте автомобилестроения Европы. Результаты проведенного исследования представляют значимость для определения актуальных стратегий развития сектора автомобилестроения на пространстве евразийской интеграции.

The paper presents the results of a study of models of European production networks in the automotive sector in the late XX – early XXI centuries. The model in the work is understood as a stable configuration of relationships between leading firms and suppliers of production networks, characterized by a specific technology for the production of automobiles, a unique organizational and network structure, as well as a well-established spatial configuration of production facilities, control centers and competencies. The research methodology was based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the location of enterprises, flows of finished and intermediate products, foreign direct investment, as well as the innovative activity of firms. As a result of the research, three unique models of network architecture were identified: traditional («core-periphery»), consolidating («cluster-network») and transformational («eco-network»). The first model dates back to the end of the 20th century. It is characterized by the dependent nature of the relationships between the enterprises of technologically advanced Western and comparatively lagging Eastern Europe. The second model took place at the beginning of the 21st century. It was characterized by the processes of combining simple nodes and ready-made modules and large platforms, the location of suppliers and assembly plants, as well as the formation of mega-suppliers as a special class of network agents. Finally, the third model is being deployed at the present stage and is characterized by the reconfiguration of the production technology of finished cars, the location of suppliers and the organizational structure of the network in the context of the transition to the production of electric vehicles and the active introduction of digital technologies. In particular, there is a reduction in the number of components in the final product, a corresponding decrease in the length of the production chain and the formation of separate «pulsating» growth points on the map of the European automotive industry. The results of the conducted research are important for determining relevant strategies for the development of the automotive sector in the Eurasian integration space.

 производственные сети автомобилестроение Европа сетевая модель электромобили «ядро-периферия» промежуточная продукция production networks automotive industry Europe network model electric vehicles core-periphery intermediate products

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