Smart composite in construction Smart composite in construction Умные композиты в строительстве 2782-1919 92397 10.52957/2782-1919-2024-5-4-90-101 Архитектура зданий и сооружений. Творческие концепции архитектурной деятельности ARCHITECTURE OF BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES. CREATIVE CONCEPTS OF ARCHITECTURAL ACTIVITY Архитектура зданий и сооружений. Творческие концепции архитектурной деятельности Case study on acoustic architectural practices in schools for children with autism Опыт зарубежных исследований в области акустических архитектурных решений в школах для детей с аутизмом Чеберева Ольга Николаевна Chebereva Olga Nikolaevna Стрельникова Елена Юрьевна Strelnikova Elena Yur'evna Нижегородский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering 25 12 2024 25 12 2024 5 4 90 101 05 07 2024 10 12 2024 https://chemintech.ru/en/nauka/article/92397/view

Обучение детей с аутизмом в общеобразовательной школе – новый для России процесс. Его реализация требует от всех вовлеченных специалистов особых знаний и умений, а от архитекторов и проектировщиков – отдельного внимания на любой стадии создания школьного здания: от проекта – до объекта. После грамотных планировочных решений важнейшим элементом является акустический комфорт, создаваемый в учебном и логопедическом кабинетах, а также других помещениях инклюзивного предназначения. Учащиеся с особыми образовательными потребностями, в том числе – аутизмом, имеют высокий уровень чувствительности к шумам с сильными тональными, импульсивными или прерывистыми характеристиками. Корректная контролируемая акустическая среда необходима для сохранения нормотипичного поведения учащихся с аутизмом в школьном пространстве. Показано, что планировочное зонирование следует выполнять согласно исходящим из помещений или попадающим внутрь звуковым колебаниям. Также следует избегать искусственного создания тихой обстановки для учебного процесса. Это обеспечит максимальную интеграцию учащихся в социальные взаимодействия путем имитирования навыков общения в акустически неизмененной среде – как внутри школы, так и за ее пределами.

Nowadays, teaching children with autism in secondary schools is a new practice for Russia. Its implementation requires special knowledge and skills from all involved specialists. It also requires special architectural and design practices at all construction stages: from the project to the object itself. After competent planning decisions, the most important element is acoustic comfort in speech therapy and other rooms for inclusive purposes. Students with special educational needs, including autism, have a high level of sensitivity to noise with strong tonal, impulsive, or intermittent characteristics. A correct controlled acoustic environment is necessary to preserve the normotypic behavior of students with autism in the schools. Indeed, we should consider their needs when performing functional zoning and avoid artificial formation of a quiet environment for the learning process. Hence, generalising communication skills in an acoustically unchanged environment will ensure maximum students’ integration into social interactions both inside and outside the school.

 архитектура для аутистов аутизм инклюзия акустика в школе звукоизоляция классов architecture for autistics autism inclusion acoustics in school sound insulation of classrooms

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