Theoretical economics Theoretical economics Теоретическая экономика 2221-3260 84333 АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИИ ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THEORETICAL ECONOMY АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИИ The schools of economic thoughts and sustainable development problems: a free-market approach Школы экономической мысли и проблемы устойчивого развития: рыночный подход Бучинская Ольга Николаевна Buchinskaya Ol'ga Nikolaevna buchinskaia.on@uiec.ru

кандидат экономических наук;

candidate of economic sciences;

 Институт экономики Уральского отделения Российской академии наук Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences Ural Branch 31 01 2022 31 01 2022 1 28 41 12 01 2022 23 01 2022 https://chemintech.ru/en/nauka/article/84333/view

Большинство предложений по экономическим изменениям, применяемых в ходе современных реформ, имеют под собой основу из теоретических наработок, разработанных школой экономической мысли, которой придерживаются авторы той или иной концепции развития. Парадигма этих школ во многом определяет инструменты, используемые для анализа объективной экономической реальности и рекомендации по достижению поставленных перед исследователями научных и практических целей. Стоящие перед современным мировым сообществом проблемы достижения целей устойчивого развития также столкнулись с разнообразными методиками решения проблем устойчивости, вытекающими из восприятия экономической реальности с точки зрения различных экономических школ. Ввиду достаточного разнообразия подходов к экономическому развитию их можно условно разбить на подходы, придерживающиеся главенствующей роли государственного вмешательства для решения проблем устойчивости и отдающих первенство рыночному механизму в достижении устойчивого развития. Целью данной работы является исследование подходов школ экономической мысли, использующих рыночный подход, к проблемам устойчивого развития, выявление общих черт и различий в инструментарии, рекомендуемом для достижения целей устойчивого развития. Методологию исследования составили работы последователей концепции Й. Шумпетера, неоклассической школы, а также институционалистов. В результате анализа были выделены основные цели, поставленные во главу экономической политики достижения устойчивого развития с точки зрения исследуемых школ, проанализирован инструментарий исследования, применяемый сторонниками данных концепций. В работе выявлены основные цели устойчивого развития, попадающие в сферу анализа исследуемых школ экономической мысли, показаны преимущества и недостатки подходов, которые являются ограничениями для качественного достижения целей устойчивого развития в случае применения наработок той или иной экономической школы. Результаты данного исследования могут быть применены для совершенствования национальной и международной политик в достижения целей устойчивого развития, улучшения дизайна экономических и правовых институтов национальных государств, разработки комплексных систем экологически безопасного экономического и социального развития России как на национальном уровне, так и на уровне отдельных регионов.

Most of the proposals of economic changes used in modern reforms have support from theoretical recommendations, developed by the school of economic thought to which the authors of a particular development concept have adhered. A paradigm of these schools largely defines the tools used to analyse the economic reality and approaches to achieve scientific and practical objectives. The sustainable development goals established by the modern global community had led to the development of various methods of solving sustainability problems, arising from the perception of economic reality from the point of view of different economic schools. With the vast amount of diversity of approaches to economic development, the schools of economic thought can be approximately divided into schools, that believe in the dominant role of the state in solving the problems of sustainability, and the free-market proponents, who trust in the power of the market mechanism in achieving sustainable development. The purpose of this work is to study the methods of free market wing of schools of economic thought, used to analyse the sustainable development problems, the identification of general features and differences in the tools recommended achieving sustainable development goals. The study method comprises the works of J. Schumpeter followers, neoclassical school, as well as institutionalists. As a result of the analysis, we allocated the primary objectives of the economic policy for the achieving of sustainable development goals for each school; the school’s toolkit was analysed. This study revealed the primary objectives of sustainable development in the scope of analysis of the studied schools of economic thoughts, demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of approaches, showed the restrictions for the qualitative achievement of sustainable development goals by using certain economic school recipes. The results of this study can be applied to improve national and international policies to achieve sustainable development goals, developing the design of economic and legal institutions of national states, the evolution of integrated systems of environmentally friendly economic and social development of Russia, both at the national level and at the level of individual regions.

 цели устойчивого развития; экономический рост; зеленая экономика; экономические школы; экономическая политика; неоклассическая школа; институционализм; шумпетерианство. sustainable development goals; economic growth; green economy; economic schools; economic policies; neoclassical school; institutionalism; Schumpeterians.

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