From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-By-Step From Chemistry Towards Technology Step-By-Step От химии к технологии шаг за шагом 2782-1900 83091 10.52957/27821900_2021_01_97 Научные статьи Scientific articles Научные статьи Renal stones: classification, structure, methods of analysis Renal stones: classification, structure, methods of analysis Кустов Андрей Владимирович Kustov Andrey Vladimirovich

доктор химических наук;

doctor of chemical sciences;

 Стрельников Александр Игоревич Strelnikov Aleksandr Igorevich

доктор медицинских наук;

doctor of medical sciences;

 Лялякина Елена Владимировна Lyalyakina Elena Vladimirovna Морыганов Михаил Александрович Moriganov Mihail Aleksandrovich Кустова Татьяна Владимировна Kustova Tat'yana Vladimirovna

кандидат химических наук;

candidate of chemical sciences;

 Институт химии растворов им. Г.А. Крестова Российской академии наук Institute of Solution Chemistry of G.A. Krestov of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ивановская государственная медицинская академия Ivanovo State Medical Academy ОБУЗ «Ивановская областная клиническая больница» Россия Ivanovo Regional Hospital Russian Federation ОБУЗ «Ивановская областная клиническая больница» Россия Ivanovo Regional Hospital Russian Federation Ивановский государственный химико-технологический университет Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology 23 03 2021 23 03 2021 2 1 97 110 14 01 2021 18 02 2021 https://chemintech.ru/en/nauka/article/83091/view

This review deals with the analysis of our own and most important published data, focuses on physical chemical methods for studying the structure, quantitative chemical and mineralogical analysis of renal stones and the relationship of their physicochemical characteristics with the risk factors of urolithiasis, metabolic and genetic disorders occurring for a particular patient. We have shown that renal stones reveal a complex organization, can contain many chemical compounds, a number of which form stable mineralogical phases of a certain structure. The main types of urinary stones are considered and it is pointed out that the methods of analytical chemistry, elemental and X-ray spectral microanalysis can be used for studying the structure of renal calculi. However, they do not provide the information about their mineralogical composition and microstructure, which is important for diagnostic tasks. In contrast, the methods of scanning electron microscopy as well as the methods of polarization microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis reveal undeniable advantages for analyzing these species and allow to show how the information of texture of the stone surface and the appearance of certain mineralogical phases helps to clarify the cause of stone formation in the body and prescribe an appropriate treatment.

This review deals with the analysis of our own and most important published data, focuses on physical chemical methods for studying the structure, quantitative chemical and mineralogical analysis of renal stones and the relationship of their physicochemical characteristics with the risk factors of urolithiasis, metabolic and genetic disorders occurring for a particular patient. We have shown that renal stones reveal a complex organization, can contain many chemical compounds, a number of which form stable mineralogical phases of a certain structure. The main types of urinary stones are considered and it is pointed out that the methods of analytical chemistry, elemental and X-ray spectral microanalysis can be used for studying the structure of renal calculi. However, they do not provide the information about their mineralogical composition and microstructure, which is important for diagnostic tasks. In contrast, the methods of scanning electron microscopy as well as the methods of polarization microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis reveal undeniable advantages for analyzing these species and allow to show how the information of texture of the stone surface and the appearance of certain mineralogical phases helps to clarify the cause of stone formation in the body and prescribe an appropriate treatment.

 urolithiasis high recurrence classification and composition of renal stones methods of analysis of mineralogical and chemical composition of calculi

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