In recent years, the development of the Russian Federation has been accompanied by an increase in the number and level of problems of ensuring the country’s security in general and the economic security of the state in particular. The unprecedented level of sanctions pressure on the country, which the West is constantly increasing, has exacerbated the already serious problems in the development of the national economy. In this regard, the urgency of solving the key problems of the economic security of the Russian Federation is growing. The purpose of these studies is to find ways to solve the problem of insufficient investment in the real sector of the national economy. As a result of the research, the main causes were identified and a variant of the mechanism for solving the problem under consideration was proposed, based on improving the processes of institutional development, starting from changing the monetary policy of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, and ending with strengthening the fight against corruption and solving problems of the rule of law, reducing the costs of doing business and ensuring protection of property rights, respectively