JOURNAL OF REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS JOURNAL OF REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS Журнал региональной и международной конкурентоспособности 2782-1927 115892 10.52957/2782-1927-2025-6-4-41-51 NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS Special economic zones as a catalyst for global digital transformation Специальные экономические зоны как катализатор глобальной цифровой трансформации https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-7022 Карачев Игорь Андреевич Karachev Igor Andreevich karachev2011@yandex.ru

кандидат экономических наук;

candidate of economic sciences;

 Ярославский государственный университет имени П. Г. Демидова Yaroslavl RU Yaroslavl State University Yaroslavl RU 13 12 2025 13 12 2025 6 4 41 51 05 10 2025 10 12 2025 https://chemintech.ru/en/nauka/article/115892/view

В статье выявлены глобальные тенденции высокой географической концентрации и неравномерного межсекторального роста цифровых инвестиционных потоков. Отдельное внимание автор уделяет методологическим особенностям процессов оценки и прогнозирования технологического развития, которые лежат в основе формирования политики в области цифровизации. Указанные процессы разграничены на базе критериев временного горизонта; целевой направленности; используемых областей научного знания; методов; используемых данных и моделей технологического прогнозирования; результатов. В статье раскрыто содержание составных частей политики цифровизации: компонента инвестиционного стимулирования, включающего механизмы цифровой открытости национальных экономик, содействия притоку и продвижению цифровых прямых иностранных инвестиций; и компонента усиления инвестиционного влияния, охватывающего меры по развитию регулирования цифрового контента, профильных налоговых инструментов, экологических аспектов, цифровых компетенций и связей. Выделены два подхода к построению цифровых стратегий: географически-ориентированный, включающий разработку макрорегиональных, субрегиональных и национальных стратегий; и секторально-ориентированный, включающий разработку технологических и отраслевых стратегий. В результате анализа раскрыт инвестиционный контекст реализации цифровых стратегий в ключевых макрорегионах и секторах цифровой экономики. Выявлены преимущества специальных экономических зон в локализации прямых иностранных инвестиций в сферах обработки данных и электронной торговли. На основе экспертных данных выделены лучшие практики регулирования и поддержки цифровых прямых иностранных инвестиций в рамках специальных экономических зон на глобальном уровне и на уровне различных макрорегионов. Cформулированы принципы, способствующие усилению инвестиционного потенциала цифровых стратегий, учитывающие возрастающую роль института специальных экономических зон.

The article concerns with the global trends of high geographical concentration and uneven cross-sectoral growth of digital investment flows. The research considers the methodological features of the processes of technological development assessing and forecasting. They form the basis for policy-making in digitalisation. The differentiation concerns with time horizon, target orientation, areas of scientific knowledge, methods, data and technological forecasting models, results, etc. The article reveals different digitalisation policy components. According to the research, investment incentive component includes mechanisms of national economies digital openness, facilitation of the inflow, and promotion of digital foreign direct investment. Indeed, investment impact enhancement component deals with the measures to develop digital content regulation, relevant tax instruments, environmental issues, digital competencies, and linkages. According to the research, there are two keys approaches to develop digital strategies. Indeed, geographically oriented approach involves the development of macro-regional, sub-regional, and national strategies; sector-oriented approach involves the development of technological and industry-specific strategies. The analysis highlights the investment context for the implementation of digital strategies in key macro-regions and sectors of the digital economy. Moreover, the research considers special economic zones in terms of foreign direct investment in the areas of data processing and e-commerce. Based on expert data, the article highlights best practices for regulating and supporting digital foreign direct investment within special economic zones globally and in various macro-regions. As a result, the research formulates the principles to strength the investment potential of digital strategies, taking into account the growing role of special economic zones.

 цифровая экономика; политика цифровизации; цифровая стратегия; географически-ориентированный подход; секторально-ориентированный подход; инвестиционный контекст; специальные экономические зоны digital economy; digital strategy; geographically-oriented approach; sector-oriented approach; investment context; special economic zones

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