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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Theoretical economics</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Theoretical economics</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Теоретическая экономика</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2221-3260</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">110122</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52957/2221-3260-2025-12-139-140</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ТВОРЧЕСТВО МОЛОДЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЕЙ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>YOUNG RESEARCHERS</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ТВОРЧЕСТВО МОЛОДЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЕЙ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Digital assets between risk and potential</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Цифровые активы между риском и потенциалом</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Горбачева</surname>
       <given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Gorbacheva</surname>
       <given-names>Tatiana Aleksandrovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>t-gorbacheva@bk.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат экономических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of economic sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0612-2071</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Круглый</surname>
       <given-names>Никита Игоревич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kruglyy</surname>
       <given-names>Nikita Igorevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>nikita.st.sergienko@gmail.com</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Финансовый университет при Правительстве РФ</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education &quot;Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation&quot; Vladikavkaz Branch</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-31T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>31</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-31T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>31</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <fpage>139</fpage>
   <lpage>140</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-14T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>14</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>29</day>
     <month>12</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://chemintech.ru/en/nauka/article/110122/view">https://chemintech.ru/en/nauka/article/110122/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Статья систематизирует барьеры и траектории развития цифровых активов на стыке права, технологий и рынка. На материале нормативных актов, надзорных подходов и практико-ориентированных исследований выполнен аналитический обзор с качественным синтезом; отдельное внимание уделено российскому регулированию и межстрановым различиям в правилах идентификации клиентов и противодействия отмыванию доходов. Показано, что доминирующим ограничением остается правовая неопределенность статусов и режимов налогообложения. Существенные риски сосредоточены в инфраструктуре вне блокчейна (сервисы хранения, биржи, мосты) и в неаудированном коде смарт-контрактов; фрагментация инфраструктуры и ограниченная ликвидность повышают издержки, а расхождения норм осложняют трансграничные расчеты. Вместе с тем цифровые активы способны повысить эффективность и прозрачность расчетов, расширить доступ к финансовым услугам и развить децентрализованное посредничество и цифровые валюты центральных банков. Обоснованы приоритетные меры: гармонизация терминов и требований, стандарты хранения и аудита кода, совместимые форматы супервизорных данных и механизмы возмещения ущерба.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article systematizes the barriers and development trajectories of digital assets at the intersection of law, technology and markets. Drawing on statutes, supervisory materials and practice-oriented studies, it presents an analytical review with qualitative synthesis; special attention is paid to the Russian regulatory framework and cross-country differences in know-your-customer and anti-money-laundering rules. Legal ambiguity over status and taxation remains the dominant constraint. Material risks are concentrated in off-chain infrastructure (custody services, exchanges, bridges) and in unaudited smart-contract code; fragmented infrastructure and limited liquidity raise costs, while regulatory divergence hampers cross-border settlements. At the same time, digital assets can enhance settlement efficiency and transparency, broaden access to financial services, and foster decentralized intermediation and central-bank digital currencies. The paper outlines priorities: harmonized terminology and requirements, robust custody and code-audit standards, interoperable supervisory data formats, and effective loss-recovery mechanisms.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>цифровые активы</kwd>
    <kwd>правовая неопределенность</kwd>
    <kwd>KYC/AML</kwd>
    <kwd>смарт-контракты</kwd>
    <kwd>киберриски</kwd>
    <kwd>хранение цифровых активов</kwd>
    <kwd>трансграничные расчеты</kwd>
    <kwd>DeFi</kwd>
    <kwd>цифровые валюты центральных банков</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>digital assets</kwd>
    <kwd>legal uncertainty</kwd>
    <kwd>KYC/AML</kwd>
    <kwd>smart contracts</kwd>
    <kwd>cyber risks</kwd>
    <kwd>digital asset storage</kwd>
    <kwd>cross-border settlements</kwd>
    <kwd>DeFi</kwd>
    <kwd>central bank digital currencies</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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