graduate student from 01.01.2023 to 01.01.2025
Minsk, Belarus
Russian Federation
VAK Russia 5.2.5
UDC 331
CSCSTI 06.54
CSCSTI 06.77
This study reveals the key theoretical and practical aspects of the evolution of the labor process amid technological transformations, emphasizing the central role of technological progress in transforming labor forms, organizational structures, and the relationships between workers and capital from the Industrial Revolution to the digital era. The paper examines issues related to the laws governing the evolution of labor models at different stages of capitalist development, the new characteristics of digital labor, and the ways to form harmonious labor relations in the digital economy. Based on a systematic analysis of capitalist development and a comparative analysis of labor models, it has been established that each technological revolutionary transformation drives the evolution of the labor process—from mechanized production cooperation to digital, decentralized, and intellectual labor. The study identifies new characteristics of the digital labor process: data as the fourth factor of production; the labor subject performing the dual role of "producer-consumer"; and the labor space that overcomes physical limitations and forms algorithmic cooperative networks. The study shows that the relationship between humans and machines has gone through four stages of evolution. While digital technologies enhance productivity, they also pose challenges such as uneven labor displacement and algorithmic management. An analysis of the balance between technologically driven labor transformation and the optimization of labor relations leads to the conclusion that forming harmonious labor relations in the digital era requires multi-faceted efforts: improving workers’ digital literacy and lifelong learning capabilities; transforming enterprises into flat organizational structures with a people-centered approach; advancing the digital infrastructure and the data factor market; and improving the legal system for protecting digital labor rights by governments and public organizations.
Technological transformations, Digital labor, Labor relations, Evolution of the labor process, Data factor, Human-machine collaboration
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